**Neyshabur Turquoise: The Sky's Tear in the Heart of Stone**
**Introduction**
In the realm of Iranian culture and history, few stones can be found that are as deeply rooted in the soul of a nation as **Neyshabur Turquoise**. Known as the "Sky's Tear" and the "Stone of Victory," this celestial blue gem is not merely a precious mineral; it is a symbol of the identity, art, and ancient beliefs of the Iranian people.
**Unique Characteristics**
Neyshabur Turquoise is world-renowned for its unparalleled quality, its uniform and deep sky-blue color (known as "Arabi"), and its beautiful brown-golden matrix (web-like patterns). The Neyshabur turquoise mine is located in the "Aliabad" mountains, 55 kilometers northwest of Neyshabur, and is considered one of the oldest active mines in the world, with a history of extraction dating back over 2000 years.
**History and Cultural Significance**
Since ancient times, turquoise has been considered sacred among Iranians. During the Sassanian era and later in the Islamic period, the use of this stone became prevalent in jewelry, vessels, miniature painting, and architectural decorations (such as the tilework of historic mosques like the Goharshad Mosque). Iranians believed that turquoise symbolized good omen, health, and protection against the evil eye and calamities. Therefore, wearing a turquoise ring, especially for men, is a long-standing tradition.
**Types of Turquoise**
Neyshabur Turquoise is classified into different types based on quality:
* **Ajami:** With a uniform, very intense blue color and no matrix, it is the most valuable type.
* **Arabi:** Having an intense blue color but with thin golden or brown veins.
* **Toughali:** Having extensive matrix and a lighter blue color.
**Industry and Art**
Iranian artists, particularly in the cities of Mashhad, Isfahan, and Neyshabur, have long been skilled in cutting, polishing, and setting turquoise. Turquoise is used to make rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, as well as in marquetry and inlay work. The combination of turquoise with silver in traditional Iranian jewelry creates a captivating and spiritual allure.
**Challenges and Future**
Unfortunately, the smuggling of raw stones, unprincipled extraction, and the import of synthetic and low-quality turquoise from other countries have challenged the market for authentic Neyshabur Turquoise. To preserve this national heritage, developing gem tourism in the Neyshabur region, supporting local artisans, and creating a reliable brand for genuine Neyshabur Turquoise are essential.
**Conclusion**
Neyshabur Turquoise is not just a stone; it speaks of ancient history, refined artistic taste, and the deep-rooted beliefs of the people of this land. This blue gem, connecting the earth and the sky, requires attention, protection, and proper introduction as one of the brilliant symbols of Iran's culture and nature.